The industrialization of the animation

The rule to keep
It is an invention of Raoul Barré which revolutionized the world of animation. It is a simple bar with extrusions of different shapes. It was enough then to insert a sheet with holes in places of the rule laid down to ensure that each drawing is exactly the right place on the previous one.

The cellulo
John Randolph Bray (producer) and Earl Hurd in 1914 invented the technology of cellulo that is revolutionizing the cartoon industry in the 1930s. By using a transparent acetate sheet on which characters or animated objects are drawn and colored, it is permited the superposition with the decor which will remain on paper, thus saving much. It was used by the majority of studios since that time until the transition to the digital composition.

The rotoscope
Max Fleischer will invent a device to save time. The rotoscope is a tool for displaying an image of both a film shoot under a table with a glass. By depositing a sheet on this glass, it is possible to copy each image and so can quickly trace the outline of an actor to reproduce a complex movement in animation. This process is called Rotoscoping.

The “Studio System”
At the beginning of the twentieth century, the "Studio System" is developed in the United States by the Fleischer brothers Randolph and John Bray for the production of cartoons for the U.S. Army.
The principle is simple. To divide the work into several independent sections just like an assembly line. Thus, instead of making an animation as a whole, each person occupies a specific position.
They will be the first to produce a feature film - Gulliver's Travels. This film released in 1939, because private rights of exploitation of Technicolor, acquired by Walt Disney for the release of Snow White in 1937, Fleischer must use another technology, the Color Stereo. The synthesis of colors is less precise, thereby forcing the reds to carmine (limit brown).